Failure Of Rcc Structure Pdf
21.12.2019 admin
Reinforced concrete structures
In the current construction industry in Nigeria, concrete has emerged as the most common building material. It is also worth noting that 100 per cent of the collapsed buildings in Nigeria were constructed from reinforced concrete. Hence, careful consideration must be given to factors that affect the strength of reinforced concrete.
The constituent materials for concrete are: cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. Concrete is a very variable material, having a wide range of strengths. Concrete generally increases its strength with age. The precise relationship will depend on the type of cement used (Mosley et al, 2007). It is important that the aggregates for making concrete should be free of all sorts of impurities (BS 882, 1992).
The maximum percentage of silt/clay content of sand for which the compressive concrete strength will not be less than 21 N/mm2 is 3.4 per cent for mixed ratio 1:2:4 (Olanitori and Olotuah, 2005). It is very important to control the quality of the aggregate to be used in concrete making. Most importantly, the effect of the silt/clay content of sand on the compressive strength of concrete must be controlled.
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There are two basic methods by which the effect of silt/clay content of sand on the compressive strength of concrete can be controlled. These are by washing the sand free of silt/clay or by adding some extra percentage of cement to neutralize the effect of the silt/clay content (Olanitori, 2006).
Recognizing that one of the major failures of reinforced concrete is through shear failure, in 1962 Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 326 (1962a, 1962b, 1962c) published a report regarding the design and behavior of beams failing due to shear and diagonal tension. To develop safe design recommendations, a database of 194 beam tests without shear reinforcement was compiled. The database consisted of 130 laboratory specimens tested under single and double point loads and 64 beams subjected to uniformly distributed loads. On the basis of that data, the following design equation was developed and is included in ACI-05 or ACI 318M-05 for the SI equation as equation 11.5 (Brown et al, 2006). Equation 11.5 is rewritten as equation (1).
- Mode of failure for reinforced concrete beams with GFRP bars. Of any deteriorate d reinforced concrete structures. Strengthening capacity and modes of failure of Reinforced Concrete (RC.
- CLASSIFICATIONS OF STRUCTURAL TYPES AND DAMAGE PATTERNS OF. And reinforced concrete with moment-resisting concrete frame. By comparing damage to individual structures with the illustrated chart we. Fall of pieces Ground floor failure Mid-floor failure Upper floor failure Pancake collapse Multiple fractures.
Deterioration of RCC had been given attention of practicing Civil Engineers. Durability of any structure increases with good maintenance practices from the day one of its completion. Good maintenance practices lead a building to successfully complete its designed life.
Failure Of Rcc Structure Pdf Online
Vc is the nominal shear strength provided by concrete; fc1 is the specified compressive strength of concrete; ρw is As/bwd; Vu is the factored shear force at section; Mu is the factored moment at section; bw is the web width; d is the effective depth of section; and As is the area of non-prestressed tension reinforcement.
By neglecting the term involving Vd/M, a simplified, conservative version of equation (1) could be derived (equation (2)). Using equation (2), 2.5 per cent of the test results in the 1962 database failed at shear values less than those computed (Brown et al, 2006).
However, the British Standard presented the value of the nominal shear strength of concrete in tabular form (Table 3.8, BS 8110-1, 1997), whereas equation 5 of the same code can be used to determine the area of shear reinforced concrete for a specific spacing, or the spacing of shear reinforcement for a specific area of shear reinforcement. Equation 5 of the BS 8110 is rewritten as
where Asv is the cross-sectional area of the two legs of the stirrup; Sv is the stirrup spacing; b is the beam width; v is the average shear stress on the section; vc is the nominal shear strength provided by concrete.
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As reinforced concrete is a composite material, for it to work effectively there must be no slip between the concrete and reinforcing bars. In order to ensure this, adequate anchorage length must be provided. Anchorage values for bends and hooks are given in clause 3.12.9.4 of BS 8110-1.